3. Borobudur in Central Java, Indonesia

 

Borobudur, located in Central Java, Indonesia, is one of the world's largest and most impressive Buddhist monuments. Here is an overview of its history:

### Construction and Design

**8th–9th Century:**

- **Construction:** Borobudur was constructed during the Sailendra Dynasty, around the 8th and 9th centuries (estimated between 750 and 850 AD). The Sailendra dynasty was known for its support of Mahayana Buddhism.

- **Architectural Design:** The monument is designed as a giant stupa and is built in the shape of a mandala, symbolizing the universe. It comprises nine stacked platforms, six square and three circular, topped by a central dome. The monument's architecture integrates indigenous Indonesian elements with Buddhist teachings.

- **Materials:** The structure is made from volcanic stone blocks, sourced from nearby rivers.

### Abandonment and Rediscovery

**14th Century:**

- **Abandonment:** With the decline of Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms in Java and the rise of Islam in the 14th century, Borobudur was gradually abandoned and fell into disrepair.

- **Covered by Volcanic Ash:** The monument was eventually buried under layers of volcanic ash and jungle overgrowth, contributing to its obscurity for centuries.

**19th Century:**

- **Rediscovery:** In 1814, during the British administration of Java, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, the then-Governor of Java, was informed of a large structure deep in the jungle. Subsequent expeditions and excavations revealed Borobudur.

### Restoration and Preservation

**20th Century:**

- **First Restoration (1907-1911):** The first significant restoration of Borobudur was carried out under the supervision of Theodor van Erp, a Dutch engineer. This initial effort focused on stabilizing the structure and clearing the overgrowth.

- **Second Restoration (1975-1982):** A major restoration project was undertaken by the Indonesian government and UNESCO. This project involved dismantling and rebuilding the structure to address issues of stability and drainage, preserving the intricate bas-reliefs and carvings.

**21st Century:**

- **UNESCO World Heritage Site:** Borobudur was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991. It remains a significant site for both tourism and religious pilgrimages.

- **Conservation Efforts:** Ongoing efforts focus on preserving the monument from environmental damage, such as pollution and volcanic activity. The site also implements measures to manage the impact of the high volume of visitors.

### Cultural and Religious Significance

- **Pilgrimage Site:** Borobudur continues to be an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists. The annual Vesak Day celebrations, commemorating the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha, attract thousands of pilgrims from around the world.

- **Cultural Symbol:** Beyond its religious importance, Borobudur serves as a symbol of Indonesia's rich cultural and historical heritage. It represents a pinnacle of ancient Indonesian architecture and artistry.

Borobudur's history is a testament to the cultural and religious dynamism of ancient Java, its periods of obscurity, and its revival as a world-renowned historical site.

If you are looking for hotels near Borobudur Temple in Central Java, Indonesia, there are several excellent options catering to different preferences and budgets:

1. **Manohara Resort**: This resort is uniquely located within the Borobudur Archaeological Park, just a short walk from the temple. It offers comfortable accommodations with beautiful gardens and includes entrance tickets to the temple【7†source】【8†source】.

2. **Amanjiwo**: A luxury resort offering stunning views of Borobudur and the surrounding landscapes. This high-end option provides a serene atmosphere and exceptional service, perfect for a luxurious getaway【7†source】.

3. **Hotel Puri Asri**: Located in Magelang, this hotel offers scenic views of mountains, rivers, and rice fields. It features an outdoor pool and spa facilities, making it a great option for relaxation【8†source】.

4. **Nalendro Villa Borobudur**: This villa is ideal for families, offering private pool facilities and a location close to Borobudur Temple. It's praised for its cleanliness and new facilities【8†source】.

5. **La Tavisa Hotel Borobudur**: A budget-friendly option located 2.4 miles from Borobudur Temple. It offers a garden, terrace, and barbecue facilities【8†source】.

These options provide a range of amenities and prices, ensuring that you can find suitable accommodation regardless of your budget and preferences. For more detailed reviews and booking options, you can check websites like Booking.com and Tripadvisor【7†source】【8†source】.

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